Over the past month, Americans have had the opportunity to view exciting events such as the
presidential inauguration of Barack Obama and the
Super Bowl. As contrasting as these events may seem, they have one thing in common – each offered stellar live performances by big-name musicians and recording artists. The list of entertainers reads as a who’s who in the music business – Aretha Franklin, Jennifer Hudson, Faith Hill, Yo-Yo Ma, and Itzhak Perlman to name a few. Each artist may represent a specific genre of music, but every one of them engaged in and defended a controversial practice known as
lip-synching. The contentious issue of lip-synching has been a sensitive one for a number of years. Singer
Ashlee Simpson’s very embarrassing lip-synch mishap on Saturday Night Live in 2004 thrust the whole pretend-live-singing scenario into the spotlight. The incident seen
here hurt Ashlee as well as the
Saturday Night Live show because SNL is known for embracing the unexpected, and of course for always being “live.” Why do musicians lip-synch or fake-perform in front of audiences? The answers performers offer to this question are just as creative as the musical offerings of which they are known for. They sometimes cite stressed vocal chords, the difficulties of both singing and dancing or even admit that a smooth performance is desired with no technical hiccups. It is essential to point out that many of the explanations often sound lofty, patronizing, and borderline comical. Although some musicians defend lip-synching or pretend-performing, others oppose the practice and question the legitimacy of appearing in front of an audience to play make-believe.
At the presidential inauguration, the theme of “change” seemed to highlight the day, not solely by the use of speeches and literal displays of the power change, but by the ceremony itself which offered unique poetry readings and musical performances. It seemed as though the arts were being celebrated in a fresh, yet calculated way. Dignified ceremonies such as these require exact precision and careful timing. As the program is live, there are bound to be slip-ups here and there – it is to be expected in this type of setting. Surprisingly, the poetry readings and musical numbers went relatively fluidly.
Aretha Franklin's My Country ‘Tis of Thee was careful and simplistic overall, never embellishing
or adding much personal style beyond her natural tone.

The string quartet performance led by
Yo Yo Ma and
Itzhak Perlman was much more musical in terms of phrasing – a seemingly effortless and impressive performance all around. This would be extremely difficult to accomplish in temperatures so low given that a string musician relies on meticulous finger movements touching very thin strings. The only real glitch in the ceremony took place when Chief Justice John Roberts
mixed up the words in the presidential oath. For a live event, there really was not anything out of the ordinary that occurred. As the day concluded,
details emerged that the string quartet performance was not live, but a pre-recorded track. The performers were literally fake-playing or miming in a seemingly live scenario.
The New York Times interviewed both Itzhak Perlman and Yo Yo Ma about the
inauguration performance. “It would have been a disaster if we had done it any other way,” said Mr. Perlman, referencing the weather conditions in Washington D.C. and why they fake-played to a pre-recorded track. “What we were there for was to really serve the moment,” explained Mr. Ma. As a musician, I can understand that a performance on stringed instruments in this particular situation would be nearly impossible to execute properly. Given that fact, is mime-playing in front of millions of people showing respect to music as an art? Or is this an exception because it is for the presidential inauguration? And if this is an exception, who says a cellist’s important debut at
Carnegie Hall should or should not have a pre-recorded track playing in the background while he pretend-plays
Bach’s Solo Cello Suites on stage? These questions all fly around this grey area – where the musician is on stage physically moving around but acting as a puppet to soundwaves all to trick the audience into believing they heard sheer perfection.
In her first major performance in months,
Jennifer Hudson wowed millions of people when she opened the Super Bowl singing
The Star Spangled Banner.

Her interpretation was flawless, passionate, and thoughtful. In a stressful setting such as this, Ms. Hudson seemed un-phased and determined, never missing a note and embellishing ever so slightly, never to spoil the famous melody. The crowd was engulfed in her presentation, knowing this was Ms. Hudson’s first appearance since
losing close family members in the recent months. Eric Felton, a singer, trombonist, and
columnist for
The Wall Street Journal writes: “There was nary a catch in her voice, no unwanted, creeping tremolo. In fact, her vocal performance was remarkable in its near-perfection -- or would have been remarkable had she actually been performing. Instead, the voice we heard was from a track she had prepared in a studio well in advance. So much for high drama.” The show’s producer Rickey Minor
admitted to the Associated Press that Ms. Hudson and also singer
Faith Hill both lip-synched their performances to pre-recorded tracks. "That's the right way to do it," justifies Minor. "There's too many variables to go live. I would never recommend any artist go live, because the slightest glitch would devastate the performance." Never recommend any artist to perform live? What ever happened to the professional industry standard that states "you are only as good as your last performance?" If an artist cannot put their best foot forward under a live setting, then maybe they should not be appearing under the pretense of performing live in the first place. Audiences can discern between and forgive glitches involving microphones or speakers versus a bad musical performance. It is condescending and even disrespetful to take the public for granted and deceive them into believing they listened to a fantastic live performance when lip-synching is involved.
The illuminating part about these fake-performance scenarios also is the fact that the details are given
after the events have taken place, and the producers or artists try to persuade everyone to think that there is no other way to do it and it is completely acceptable. If this is standard operating procedure, then why not divulge the truth beforehand? When fans buy tickets to see
Britney Spears or
Miley Cyrus, it is safe to say that most know there will be lip-synching involved either in whole or part at these concerts – these performers do not shy away from talking about this truth and yet they remain very successful. It is curious to see the marketing strategy behind events where the details of mime-singing or playing come to light after the event has ended. It is becoming so ridiculous when the details emerge after performances that commercials and advertisements should just be honest from the get-go to avoid embarrassment later: “Appearing live, moving their mouths to pre-recorded tracks!” The public pays money to attend performances because they yearn for the live concert experience. Controversies such as this lip-synching debacle cross an ethical line which has been a standard for a number of decades. These puppet-moving musicians may be smiling on stage, but the audience is beginning to see the strings now.